Tuesday, September 8, 2009

What I'm Learning, Part 2: Civil Procedure

OK, this one's going to be a toughie, but I'm going to give it a shot.

Here's what the DU Course Catalog has to say about Civil Procedure:
Students enrolled in Civil Procedure learn how Constitutional statutory and judicial rules frame the determination of court controversies. They also explore the doctrines, remedies, and other principles pertinent to judicial dispute resolution.
After three weeks in the course, here's what I have to say about it: Jurisdiction is really freaking complicated.

Jurisdiction is, of course, just one of (I'm sure) many crucial elements of civil procedure, but so far it's pretty much all we've talked about. So what is it? As my professor would say, "Jurisdiction is power." Namely, the power of a court to hear and decide cases, based on who's involved and what they're about. Jurisdiction breaks down into personal jurisdiction and subject jurisdiction, but we haven't gotten into the subject kind yet. Personal jurisdiction is power over people, or their property, and the big question is: When does a state have jurisdiction over a person (or his or her property) who doesn't want them to have that jurisdiction?

There are four ways to get jurisdiction without much of a fight: Domicile, Presence, Consent, and Adjudication of Marriage. If you live in the state, or happen to be there long enough for someone to hand you a summons, or say OK, you can have jurisdiction over me (maybe just by failing to say otherwise), then that's that. And if your spouse lives there and wants to divorce you, they can. So far, so good. The "presence" thing gets a little weird when a state gets jurisdiction over someone just because somebody handed them a summons while in an airplane flying over that state (that totally happened), but at least it's a simple concept: you're here, we gotcha, end of discussion. And really, all of it was pretty simple back when people got around in wagons and had to have a really good reason to take the time and effort to move from one state to another. But nowadays?

The big case we read, and to which we refer back over and over and over again, is about shoe salesmen in Washington State in 1945. Seriously. It's called International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington and it totally changed everything about personal jurisdiction. I won't bore you (even more) with the details, but basically the court decided that there was something called "minimum contacts" that could make one subject to jurisdiction in a particular state -- like maybe employing some shoe salesmen there for several years. Unfortunately, what constitutes minimum contacts is not remotely straightforward, because the court in Shoe threw in a bit about not "offending traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice" in granting jurisdiction. Courts have basically been trying to decide what that really means ever since.

OK, this is getting really long and dull. Maybe you noticed. To finish up, I'll just say that it's amazing how hard it is to figure out who gets to adjudicate what once you have people driving and flying all over the place and commercial goods getting sent to and from pretty much everywhere in the world. And the Internet? Don't even ask. According to the syllabus, next week we move on to subject matter jurisdiction, and truthfully, I'm a little relieved. I think my brain needs a change of gears, however small, rather than ever-increasing complications. Just a little time to let things settle is all I ask.

I'll probably try to do these little summaries every few weeks. I may or may not be able to make them more interesting to all of you, but I think they do force me to think back and put everything in context. (Even if what I've written here is a complete mess, I actually feel like it sort of makes sense to me.) In any case, that's it for now (my only other class is called "Lawyering Process," and it's all about how to write briefs and memos and stuff, so I won't bother summarizing it for the public at large). Thanks for bearing with me.

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